The Commission is required to perform a variety of different activities by virtue of obligations assigned to it by the Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection Act and its subsidiary legislation.

The main activities of the Commission include:

• Authorising undertakings to use radiation​
• Monitoring compliance of undertakings
• Maintaining the National Dose Registry of all employees.
• Maintaining the national Inventory of all radiation sources in Malta.
• Collating environmental and food radioactive substances data
• Development of systems to deal with radioactive waste.
• Outreach
• Provision of support to other government agencies.
• Multilateral obligations and cooperation with foreign institutions.